I-silicon yesinyithi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-silicon ye-industrial okanye i-crystalline silicon, ihlala iveliswa ngokunciphisa ikhabhoni ye-silicon dioxide kwiziko lombane. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphambili kunjengesongezo se-alloys ezingenayo i-ferrous kwaye njengento yokuqala yokuvelisa i-silicon ye-semiconductor kunye ne-organosilicon.
E-China, isinyithi se-silicon sihlala sihlelwa ngokomxholo wezinto ezintathu ezingcolileyo eziqulethe: isinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium. Ngokomxholo wepesenti yesinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium kwi-silicon yensimbi, i-silicon yensimbi inokwahlulwa ibe yi-553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 kunye namanye amabanga ahlukeneyo. Idijithi yokuqala neyesibini ikhowudi yomxholo wepesenti yentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium, kwaye idijithi yesithathu neyesine ibonisa umxholo we-calcium. Ngokomzekelo, i-553 ithetha ukuba umxholo wesinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium yi-5%, i-5%, i-3%; I-3303 ithetha ukuba umxholo wentsimbi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium yi-3%, i-3%, i-0.3%).
Ukuveliswa kwesinyithi se-silicon kwenziwa ngendlela ye-carbothermal, oku kuthetha ukuba i-silica kunye ne-carbonaceous yokunciphisa i-agent iyancibilika kwi-ore ore. Ukucoceka kwe-silicon eveliswe ngale ndlela yi-97% ukuya kwi-98%, kwaye i-silicon enjalo ingasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi kwiinjongo zetsimbi. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana ibakala eliphezulu le-silicon, kufuneka uyicokise ukuze ususe ukungcola, kwaye ufumane ukucoceka kwe-99.7% ukuya kwi-99.8% ye-silicon yensimbi.
Ukunyibilikisa isinyithi sesilicon ngesanti yequartz njengemathiriyeli ekrwada kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi okwenziwa kwebhloko yesanti yequartz, ukulungiswa kwentlawulo kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi ekrwada.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isanti ye-quartz ephezulu iya kusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yeglasi ye-quartz ephezulu, kwaye iphinde iqhutywe kwibakala eligugu njenge-crystal, i-tourmaline kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ibakala libi kakhulu, kodwa oovimba bakhulu, iimeko zemigodi zingcono kancinci, kwaye umbane ojikelezileyo unexabiso eliphantsi, elilungele ukuveliswa kwesinyithi sesilicon.
Okwangoku, ukuveliswa kwe-silicon metal carbon thermal inkqubo yokuvelisa: ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-silica njengezinto eziluhlaza, i-petroleum coke, amalahle, i-chips iinkuni, amalahle aphantsi kunye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa, kwi-ore ore thermal eziko lokunyibilikisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa i-silicon yesinyithi. ukusuka kwi-silica, okuyinkqubo yokunyibilika kwe-slag ekhululekileyo ephantsi kwamanzi.
Ngoko ke, nangona i-silicon yesinyithi ikhutshwe kwi-silica, ayizizo zonke i-silica ezifanelekileyo ukwenza isinyithi se-silicon. Isanti eqhelekileyo esiyibona mihla le ayisiyiyo into ekrwada yokwenyani ye-silicon yesinyithi, kodwa isanti ye-quartz esetyenziswe kwimveliso yemveliso ekhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye iye yafumana ukusabela kwamanyathelo amaninzi ukugqiba ukwahlukana ukusuka kwisanti ukuya kwi-silicon yesinyithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-04-2024
