Iipropati kunye nokhuseleko lwentsimbi ye-silicon

I-crystalline silicon yintsimbi engwevu, isilicon e-amorphous imnyama. Ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa. D2.33; Indawo yokunyibilika 1410℃; Umthamo wobushushu ophakathi (16 ~ 100℃) 0.1774cal /(g -℃). I-crystalline silicon yikristale yeathom, iqinile kwaye iyakhazimla, kwaye iqhelekile kwiisemiconductors. Kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi, ngaphezu kwe-hydrogen fluoride, kunzima ukusabela kunye nezinye izinto, ezingaxutywanga emanzini, i-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, i-soluble kwi-hydrofluoric acid kunye ne-lye. Inokudibanisa neoksijini kunye nezinye izinto kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu, akukho ukufunxa kwamanzi, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa kwe-asidi, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuguga. I-silicon isasazwa ngokubanzi kwindalo kwaye iqulethe malunga ne-27.6% kwi-crust yomhlaba. Ngokukodwa kwifom ye-silica kunye ne-silicates.

I-silicon yesinyithi ngokwayo ayinayo ityhefu emzimbeni womntu, kodwa kwinkqubo yokucubungula iya kuvelisa uthuli oluhle lwe-silicon, inefuthe elikhuthazayo kwindlela yokuphefumla. Nxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ezinjengeemaski, iiglavu, kunye nokhuseleko lwamehlo xa uphethe isinyithi sesilicon.

I-LDso yomlomo yeempuku: 3160mg/kg. I-inhalation ephezulu yoxinzelelo ibangela ukucaphuka kancinci kwendlela yokuphefumula kunye nokucaphukisa xa ingena kwiso njengomzimba wangaphandle. I-silicon powder iphendula ngobundlobongela kunye ne-calcium, i-cesium carbide, i-chlorine, i-diamond fluoride, i-fluorine, i-iodine trifluoride, i-manganese trifluoride, i-rubidium carbide, i-silver fluoride, i-potassium sodium alloy. Uthuli luyingozi ngokuphakathi xa luvezwe edangatyeni okanye ludibana nee-oxidants. Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo nengena umoya kakuhle. Zigcine kude nomlilo nobushushu. Iphakheji kufuneka itywinwe kwaye ingadibanisi nomoya. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidizers, kwaye musa ukuxuba.

Ukongezelela, isinyithi se-silicon siya kusabela nge-oksijini emoyeni ukuvelisa igesi evuthayo, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuphepha ukudibanisa nemithombo yomlilo okanye i-oxidants ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha.