ulwahlulo lwentsimbi ye-silicon

Ulwahlulo lwesinyithi se-silicon luhlala luhlelwa ngumxholo wezinto ezintathu ezingcolileyo zentsimbi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium equlethwe kukwakhiwa kwesinyithi se-silicon. Ngokomxholo wesinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium kwi-silicon yensimbi, i-silicon yensimbi inokwahlulwa ibe yi-553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 kunye namanye amabanga ahlukeneyo.

Kwishishini, i-silicon yesinyithi idla ngokuveliswa ngokuncipha kwekhabhoni yesilicon dioxide kwiziko lombane. I-Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO Ukucoceka kwesilicon eveliswe ngale ndlela yi-97 ~ 98%, ebizwa ngokuba yi-silicon yensimbi. Emva koko iyancibilika kwaye iphinde ihlaziywe, kwaye ukungcola kususwe nge-asidi ukufumana i-silicon yensimbi enobunyulu be-99.7 ~ 99.8%.

I-silicon yensimbi iqulunqwe ikakhulu nge-silicon, ngoko ke ineempawu ezifanayo kwi-silicon. I-silicon ine-allotropes ezimbini: isilicon e-amorphous kunye ne-crystalline silicon. I-silicon ye-Amorphous ngumgubo ongwevu-omnyama kwaye ngokwenene i-microcrystal. I-crystalline silicon inesakhiwo sekristale kunye nepropathi ye-semiconductor yedayimani, indawo yokunyibilika i-1410 ℃, indawo yokubilisa i-2355 ℃, ubulukhuni be-Mohs 7, i-brittle. I-amorphous sililicification iyasebenza kwaye inokutshisa ngamandla kwi-oxygen. Isebenza kunye ne-non-metals efana ne-halogens, i-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye inokunxibelelana neentsimbi ezifana ne-magnesium, i-calcium kunye ne-iron ukuvelisa iisilidi. I-silicon ye-amorphous iphantse inganyibiliki kuzo zonke i-inorganic kunye ne-organic acids, kubandakanywa ne-hydrofluoric acid, kodwa i-soluble kwi-acids edibeneyo ye-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid. Isisombululo esigxininisiweyo se-sodium hydroxide sinokunyibilikisa i-silicon ye-amorphous kwaye ikhulule i-hydrogen. I-crystalline silicon ayisebenzi, nakumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ayidibanisi neoksijini, ayinyibiliki kuyo nayiphi na i-inorganic kunye ne-organic acids, kodwa inyibilika kwi-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid exubeneyo kunye nesisombululo sesodium hydroxide.